{"id":50356,"date":"2024-10-02T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/?p=50356"},"modified":"2024-09-17T16:00:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T07:00:02","slug":"traditional-korean-masks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/blog\/traditional-korean-masks\/","title":{"rendered":"All about the traditional Korean masks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may be familiar with the masks worn at Halloween or at masquerades, but do you know about <\/span><b>traditional Korean masks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? If you want to find out what they are and their history, don&#8217;t miss this article!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The history of traditional Korean masks<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The history of traditional Korean masks stems from an old <\/span><b>legend<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is said that one day, during the reign of Goryeo (918-1392) in the village of Hahoe (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud558\ud68c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), a craftsman was commissioned by the gods themselves to carve 12 masks out of wood that represented various personalities. The masks had to be carved in great secrecy. Until he had finished the work, the craftsman was forbidden to have contact with other people, on punishment of death. However, when he was about to complete the twelfth mask, a girl who was in love with him peeked into the workshop, unaware of the consequences it would have. At that exact moment, the man suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died, leaving the twelfth mask unfinished. The twelfth mask is the one that represents the fool and has no jaw for this very reason.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-58011\" src=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks.png\" alt=\"traditional Korean masks\" width=\"798\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks.png 798w, https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the traditional Korean masks?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of the twelve traditional Korean masks mentioned in the legend, <\/span><b>only nine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are still preserved today in the village of Hahoe in the Sonang-tang shrine. They are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yangban<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc591\ubc18<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the aristocrat;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gaksi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uac01\uc2dc<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the young woman;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jung<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc911<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Buddhist monk;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choraengi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ucd08\ub7ad\uc774<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Yangban servant;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seonbi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc120\ube44<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the scholar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc774\ub9e4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the fool and servant of Sonpi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bune<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ubd80\ub124<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the concubine;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baekjeong<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ubc31\uc815<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the butcher;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Halmi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud560\ubbf8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the old woman.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>three missing ones<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on the other hand, are supposed to have been stolen \u2013 one is currently located in Japan (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Byeolchae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ubcc4\ucc44<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the tax collector) and the other two in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pyongsan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, North Korea (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chonggak<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ucd1d\uac01<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the bachelor, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tteokdari<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ub5a1\ub2e4\ub9ac<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the old man). In particular, the Byeolchae mask in Japan is said to have been stolen between 1592 and 1598 by General Konishi Yukinaga as spoils of war.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These traditional Korean masks, called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud0c8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), were long used for <strong>shamanic rituals and folk dances<\/strong> for the people. They were believed to have magical powers which helped drive away evil spirits, thus protecting the village. All other masks were always burnt at the end of the performance as an offering, replaced by new ones for the next performance. However, these <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tal <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">masks were religiously kept inside a shrine without being burnt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are the best-known traditional Korean masks, but besides the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hahoe tal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud558\ud68c\ud0c8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u2013 the masks created in Hahoe \u2013 there are also <\/span><b>other types<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These include the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ogwangdae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc624\uad11\ub300<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yayu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uc57c\uc720<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), which have coarser and simpler features and are used to represent strong emotions. <em>B<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ongsan<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ubd09\uc0b0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is used to represent and distinguish between various aristocrats. <em>T<\/em><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ongyeong<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud1b5\uc601<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is used to represent supernatural figures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-58018\" src=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-2.png\" alt=\"traditional Korean masks\" width=\"798\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-2.png 798w, https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/traditional-Korean-masks-2-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>The talchum, or masked dance<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Performances in tal masks are called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">talchum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud0c8\ucda4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), which literally means <\/span><b>masked dance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Talchum is considered <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/talchum-mask-dance-drama-in-the-republic-of-korea-01742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">South Korea&#8217;s intangible cultural heritage<\/a> and is both a dance and a theatrical performance. The performance was carried out in the open air of village squares, to communicate with the deities and ask them to ward off evil spirits. It was a spectacle for the people, very different from the dances staged for the nobility, which involved more delicate movements. In addition to large masks, talchum dancers also wore brightly coloured clothes. Today, it is possible to see talchum performances at<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/blog\/events-throughout-the-year-in-korea\/\">\u00a0traditional <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">festivals<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We hope you enjoyed this article on traditional Korean masks! For more information on Korean language and culture, keep following the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/blog\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Go! Go! Hanguk blog<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and do not hesitate to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/#form\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contact us<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about living and studying in Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You may be familiar with the masks worn at Halloween or at masquerades, but do you know about traditional Korean masks? If you want to find out what they are and their history, don&#8217;t miss this article! The history of traditional Korean masks The history of traditional Korean masks stems from an old legend. It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":156,"featured_media":51302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1219],"tags":[1289,1295],"class_list":["post-50356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-culture","tag-culture","tag-how-to"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/156"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50356\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogohanguk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}